The following information is from the Vermont Department of 健康. 拜访他们 网站 for more information on preventing and treating the flu.
The majority of flu cases can be treated with over-the-counter medication, rest, and re-hydration. If your child begins to experience respiratory distress or dehydration, contact your pediatrician immediately.
流感的症状
Flu symptoms can often be confused with the common cold, but the flu usually comes on more suddenly and is more severe. 流感的症状包括:
- 身体或肌肉疼痛
- 干咳
- 发烧(通常发高烧)
- 头疼
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (much more common among children than adults)
- 流鼻涕或鼻塞
- 喉咙痛
- Tiredness and weakness (can be extreme)
你什么时候会传染?
A person who is sick with the flu can spread viruses. That means they are contagious. Adults are usually contagious from one day before having symptoms to seven days after getting sick. Children can be contagious for longer than seven days.
What to do if you get sick with flu
Most people get well within one to two weeks. But some people can develop life-threatening complications (such as pneumonia) as a result of the flu. If you start to get flu symptoms:
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue every time you cough or sneeze.
- 不要使用酒精或烟草.
- 多喝液体.
- 充分休息.
- Stay home from work or school to protect others from catching your illness.
- Take medication to lessen the symptoms of flu, but 从来没有 give aspirin to children or teenagers who have flu-like symptoms, 尤其是发烧, without first checking with your healthcare provider.
Call your healthcare provider right away if your flu symptoms are very serious.
紧急警告标志
There are "emergency warning signs" for children and adults that require urgent medical attention. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately, if you or someone you know is having any of the symptoms in the following lists. You may be asked to wear a mask or sit in a separate area to protect others from getting sick.
紧急警告标志 for adults
Call your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately if you have any of these symptoms:
- 混乱
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- 高烧或长时间发烧
- 昏厥或接近昏厥
- 胸部疼痛或有压力
- Severe or persistent vomiting
紧急警告标志 for children
Call your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately if your child has any of these symptoms:
- Being so cranky that they don't want to be held
- 肤色偏蓝
- Changes in mental state such as not waking up or interacting
- Fast breathing or trouble breathing
- Flu-like symptoms get better but then return with fever and worse cough
- 高烧或长时间发烧
- 没有喝足够的液体
- 癫痫发作
If you are at special risk from complications of flu, call as soon as symptoms begin. People at special risk of flu complications include:
- 65岁及以上的人
- People of any age with chronic medical conditions
- 孕妇
- 年幼的孩子
Complications of flu include pneumonia, bronchitis, dehydration, and sinus and ear infections. The flu can make chronic health problems worse. 例如, people with asthma may experience asthma attacks while they have the flu, and people with chronic congestive heart failure may get worse.
抗病毒药物
In some cases, your healthcare provider may choose to use certain antiviral drugs to treat the flu. Influenza is caused by a virus, so antibiotics don't work to cure it. Four antiviral drugs (amantadine, 金刚烷乙胺, zanamavir, oseltamivir) are approved for treatment of the flu, but must be prescribed by a doctor. Antiviral treatment lasts for five days and must be started within two days of illness.
流感样疾病
There are other respiratory viruses that can spread during the flu season and cause symptoms and illness similar to flu. These non-flu viruses include rhinovirus (one cause of the "common cold") and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the most common cause of serious respiratory illness in young children and a common cause of death from respiratory illness in people age 65 and older.